The Toros (Taurus) Mountains, which parallel Turkey's southern border and the Black sea Mountains in the north, join together to form a might mountain range which defines the country's eastern and southeastern lands surprises travelers: the red ochre plateau of Erzurum; the forests, waterfalls and gren pastures of Kars and Agri; the permanent snow-cap on biblical Mount Agri (Ararat); and the immense Lake Van with its deep blue waters. Dwellings and modes of life also very greatly in this large region. Small, earth-roofed houses, built close to ground typify houses around Kars. Despite a generally austere life, the people of the area generous and hospitable. The region's long and turbulent history has left monuments to its various civilizations: Byzantine monasteries and churches, Seljuk mausoleums and caravanserais, elegant Ottoman mosques and hilltop citadels. To the inveterate traveler and lover of advanture, this region of Turkey fascinates, astonishes and informs.
 
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